Toddler Milestones: What to Expect in the First Three Years
The toddler years are a whirlwind of growth, discovery, and development. From a baby’s first steps to their first words and beyond, each milestone is a huge cause for celebration—and sometimes a little confusion. If you’re a parent, carer, or guardian in Australia wondering what to expect from your toddler’s development, this guide will walk you through the key milestones during the first three years.
Year 1: 12 to 24 Months – Big Leaps Ahead
This stage is often referred to as the “little explorer” phase. Your toddler is discovering the world—and their role in it—every single day.
Physical Milestones
- Walking independently or with help
- Climbing furniture or steps
- Starting to run or shuffle quickly
- Improved hand coordination (e.g., stacking blocks, picking up small objects)
Language and Communication
- Saying simple words like “mama” or “dada”
- Following simple instructions (“give it to me,” “come here”)
- Recognising names of familiar people or objects
- Using gestures like waving or pointing
Social and Emotional
- Seeking comfort from parents or carers
- Showing separation anxiety
- Engaging in simple pretend play (e.g., feeding a doll)
- Imitating adult behaviours
Year 2: 24 to 36 Months – The “I Can Do It!” Stage
Your toddler is becoming more independent and confident, with rapid improvements in communication and movement.
Physical Milestones
- Running confidently
- Kicking and throwing balls
- Beginning to pedal a tricycle
- Feeding themselves with minimal assistance
Language and Communication
- Speaking in two-to-three-word phrases (“more milk,” “go park”)
- Asking lots of questions (“What’s that?” “Why?”)
- Naming everyday objects and people
- Following two-step instructions (“Pick up the toy and put it in the box”)
Cognitive Development
- Sorting shapes and colours
- Completing simple puzzles
- Showing interest in numbers and letters
Social and Emotional
- Showing strong preferences (favourite toys, foods, routines)
- Playing alongside or with other children (parallel or cooperative play)
- Testing boundaries (hello, tantrums!)
- Starting to understand sharing and turn-taking
Year 3: 36 to 48 Months – Communication and Confidence Bloom
This is when toddlers really start to come into their own, with more advanced language, imagination, and emotional awareness.
Physical Milestones
- Walking up and down stairs unaided
- Drawing simple shapes (circle, line)
- Dressing and undressing with some help
- Refining fine motor skills (using scissors, holding crayons correctly)
Language and Communication
- Speaking in full sentences
- Asking and answering questions
- Telling simple stories
- Understanding time concepts (today, tomorrow, yesterday)
Social and Emotional
- Playing make-believe and roleplay games
- Expressing a wide range of emotions
- Showing empathy and concern for others
- Developing friendships
When to Seek Support
Every child develops at their own pace, but if you’re concerned your child might not be meeting milestones, don’t hesitate to talk to your GP, child health nurse, or early childhood educator. In Australia, child and family health services are free and widely available through your local health district.
Resources like the Raising Children Network, Starting Blocks, and Australian Early Development Census provide excellent, evidence-based guidance.
Tips for Supporting Your Toddler’s Development
- Talk often: Narrate your day, name objects, and ask questions.
- Play together: Play is how toddlers learn. Follow their lead.
- Read daily: Books support language development and bonding.
- Limit screen time: Focus on hands-on, creative activities.
- Offer choices: This encourages decision-making and independence.
- Keep routines consistent: Toddlers thrive on predictable routines.
Final Thoughts
Toddler milestones are incredible to witness—and while every child’s journey is unique, understanding typical development can give you confidence as a parent. Celebrate the small wins, be patient through the tough days, and know that every giggle, tumble, and “no!” is part of the beautiful (and sometimes chaotic) toddler journey.
Your child’s early years set the foundation for a lifetime of learning, so embrace each stage with love, curiosity, and support.
